Basil comparison

Last summer I trialed some different basil (Ocimum basilicum) varieties.  The seeds were all planted on the same day, once they germinated and grew a little the seedlings were all planted out on the same day.  The difference in growth was rather amazing.  I should have put something in the pictures for scale but didn't.

I also grew a few other basils, but they were not part of this comparison, or the seeds were planted at a different time, or they were grown from cuttings, so I have not included them here.

Lettuce Leaf 185
I liked this one, good taste, nice basil smell, nice large leaf, productive.  I should grow this one again.

USSR 87
Good taste, good size leaf, not productive enough for my liking.

Usbekistan 146
The purple splodge looked nice, but they were not very productive and smelled too much like licorice for my liking.

Gigante
This was ok, slow to produce well

Dwarf Greek Basil
Strangely productive for a little plant, flowered very late, tiny little leaves, great taste.

Lettuce leaf 180
Not very large leaves for a 'lettuce leaf' type.  Flowered too early.

Grand Vert de Genes
Already flowering in this picture.  Too much work trying to remove flowers.

Mexican
Not productive, look how tiny it was.  I probably won't grow this one again.

Minette
Grew larger than greek dwarf.  Very productive with little leaves.  Great taste.

Genovese
Large plants, very productive, great taste, large leaves.  I like this, it is the benchmark that I compare all other basil to.

Skirret plants Australia

I have had a few questions about skirret lately so thought I would write a post to answer them.  Skirret (Sium sisarum) is a rare perennial root vegetable that should be grown more widely by home gardeners.  I have written a few blog posts on skirret before, you can use the 'search' button at the top right side of the page to find them.

Skirret was once grown and eaten throughout Europe, then fell out of fashion when vegetables such as the potato were brought back from the new world.  Now, especially in Australia, almost no one has ever heard of skirret, let alone eaten it.  It is too bad because skirret tastes amazing.

Skirret can be planted as a seed in spring, it produces a crop, flowers and produces more seed all in one year.  Not many perennial vegetables can produce a crop this quick from seed grown.  Skirret plants also produce offsets, so when the plant dies down over winter the offsets can be divided, the seeds can be planted and you can increase the number of plants that you have.  Skirret seed shows a surprising amount of genetic diversity, that combined with how many seeds it sets, plus its perennial nature, makes breeding improved skirret varieties relatively simple.

Skirret likes water and thrives in cool climates, if in a hot climate it grows well enough if given more water.  It can survive with less water, but does not crop well.  You really can't over water skirret.

Skirret roots, it was the end of the season when I had eaten all the large roots that I remembered to take a picture, many were a bit longer than this

Skirret is dormant over winter, no matter how cold it gets here the plants always survive.  We have had frosts below -8C this last winter and my plants were completely undamaged.  Skirret flowers attract beneficial insects to the garden, they seem to be visited often by wasps.  I have never had any pests damage my skirret other than snails and slugs when it is very small.

Young skirret plants

Skirret is very simple to grow, productive, and tastes great, but it is not suited to mechanical harvest and the roots don't store well once dug so will never be a main crop anywhere.  The amazing taste, ease of growth and high yield means that it is well suited to home growers.  Being perennial means it can be left to do its own thing and just dug up at harvest time.  We dig up roots when we need them for a meal, anything we leave behind we will either dig up later, or if we miss it this year it will continue to grow larger for next year.

Skirret is such an amazing vegetable that everyone who I have given some to has loved it.  Kids even love the taste of skirret.  I have never heard of anyone eat some and not love it.

Skirret leaves, stems and seeds can be eaten, and they are not without their charm, but it is the roots that are the main crop here.  The roots can be eaten raw, and they are ok, much like a sweet crunchy carrot, but skirret is far better roasted.  It is easily the best tasting roasted vegetable that I have eaten.  It doesn't need to be peeled, just scrub off the soil and roast away.  Skirret tastes incredibly sweet and rich once roasted.

Skirret plants - crowded but still good

Most people plant skirret about 30 cm apart, or about 9 per square meter, as this gives them plenty of room to grow.  I plant them far closer than that.  I am limited by the amount of space I have, I am not limited by the number of plants.  The yield per plant declines when planted too close like this, but the yield per area is increased. 

Skirret starting to flower in late summer

Skirret roots can have a woody core.  This is mostly seen in young plants or plants that have not had enough water over the growing season.  I have culled pretty hard and most of my plants no longer have any woody core at all.  I am hoping to completely eliminate the woody genes from my population and only grow superior plants.  I don't know if I will ever achieve this as I don't know anything about the genes that cause woodiness.

Skirret also seems to be good when planted near leek.  The skirret is the same, but the leeks appear to grow faster and larger.  I should do some little tests to see if this was just a coincidence.

Where to buy skirret in Australia
Not many places in Australia have skirret for sale, hopefully that changes as skirret is a delicious vegetable that is well suited to growing at home.  Skirret needs some breeding work done to make the roots fatter.  I sell skirret offsets over winter, small plants over spring, and seeds all year.  They are listed on my for sale page if you are interested.

Land Cress as a Cabage White Butterfly Dead End Trap Crop

Land Cress (Barbarea vulgaris) is also known as Upland Cress, American cress, Rocketcress,  Bittercress,Yellow Rocket, and has a few other common names.  Common names can be deceptive, for example a sea horse is not related to a horse and a sea cucumber is an animal and not even a plant, so always try to go by the binomial name when buying plants to ensure you get what you want.

Cabbage White Butterfly is a major pest of brassicas in Australia and many other countries.  They quickly decimate brassica crops and controlling them organically can be problematic.  There are a lot of superstitious myths about controlling them which do not work, as well as a few techniques that help quite a lot.

We have controlled cabbage white butterfly in the past by using white strips of plastic (cut from a white plastic bag), tied in the middle to a piece of string, so it looks like a lot of white butterflies are flapping around.  This results in less butterflies laying eggs on your plants, apparently the butterflies do not want to lay where there are heaps of other butterflies to help ensure their young will have enough food.  It does not completely eradicate the pest, but it lowers the numbers to a level where they can be picked off by hand each day.  This has worked well for me many times in the past.  This is a lot of work unless it is a very small area, and if you fall ill a day or two the caterpillars sometimes eat out your crop, surely there is a better way!

I have heard people claim that egg shells will deter cabbage white butterflies as they also think it is other butterflies.  I have tried this several times and had no noticeable difference.  Not only has this never worked for me, but birds tend to steal the egg shells.  Before you ask, no, the birds did not make any noticeable effect on the butterfly population but they often caused damage in the garden.  This appears to be one of those superstitious garden myths that fill gardening books, are spouted by people who should know better, and actually prevent people from growing food organically.

Many people claim that Upland Cress can be used as a dead end trap crop for cabbage white butterfly.  They claim that the butterflies are attracted to land cress, they lay the eggs there instead of on other brassica crops.  Once the eggs hatch the young caterpillars are meant to bite the leaf and some toxin kills them, other places claim that the caterpillars can't eat the upland cress so they die.  The information varies between sources, but the cabbage white butterfly caterpillars are not meant to survive and grow to be able to complete their life cycle.

This sounds like a perfect solution to cabbage white butterflies.  I was extremely excited when I first heard about this.  I did some research so ensure that it was Barbarea vulgaris that was referred to and not some other plant with the common name of 'land cress'.

I bought some Barbarea vulgaris seeds and planted them near some other brassicas.  I have done this twice now with the same result.

I wanted to see if Barbarea vulgaris:
1) prevented cabbage white butterflies from laying eggs on other brassica plants
2) killed the young caterpillars
3) prevented the caterpillars from completing their lifecycle.

Achieving any of these things would be fantastic as it means that upland cress could be used as a way to reduce cabbage white butterfly damage.  I will break down my experience under similar headings so other you can learn from my mistakes.

1) Does Upland cress prevent cabbage white butterflies laying eggs on other crops.
No.  My upland cress certainly attracts the butterflies and they lay eggs on it.  Unfortunately they also lay eggs on all the other brassicas in my garden apart from water cress (which was somewhat protected).  If the upland cress kills the young caterpillars it could be used to lower the numbers of cabbage white butterflies and be of some benefit.

Land cress with cabbage white butterfly larvae and frass

2) Does Upland Cress kill Cabbage White Butterfly Caterpillars when they feed on it?
No.  The eggs hatch and the caterpillars happily eat it to the ground leaving nothing but tiny stems.  The picture above shows some growing and it has third instar caterpillars on it.  This means that they not only can survive on upland cress, they can grow on it too.  Perhaps they will eat out the cress but some chemical in its leaves will prevent them from completing their lifecycle.  I decided to leave some caterpillars to see what would happen.

3) Does Upland cress prevent cabbage white butterfly from completing its lifecycle?
No.  The caterpillars grow and pupate into butterflies, thus completing the lifecycle and rendering upland cress useless as a bio-control for cabbage white butterfly.


Upland Cress does not control cabbage white butterfly

Clearly Upland cress does NOT kill cabbage white butterfly larvae and can not be used as an effective means of controlling this pest.  I had such high hopes that this would be used as a way of at least lowering the number of cabbage white butterflies or lessening their damage.  I guess I could grow upland cress and pick off the caterpillars, but I could grow any brassica and do the same so upland cress provides no benefit here whatsoever.  I am very disappointed by this result.

Some very reputable sources claim that Barbarea vulgaris works as a dead end trap for cabbage white butterfly, but as I have demonstrated clearly it doesn't work under all situations.  Thanks for nothing Gardening Australia and Jerry Colby Williams!  Thanks for nothing seed sellers who have a vested interest.  They should know better and stop spreading this nonsense.  This is one of the reasons why I try not to read organic gardening books or magazines, they are often filled with inaccuracies such as this that cause far more harm than good.

Upland cress is useless against cabbage white butterfly

Apparently there is research that suggests that Upland Cress (Barbarea vulgaris) does control cabbage white butterfly under certain situations.  I have not read this research myself so don't know under what specific circumstances it has worked.  Unfortunately it does not work in my garden, so there is more to it than simply growing upland cress to control these butterflies.  Perhaps there is some predator or some disease or something else that is at work that is simply not present in my garden.

Regardless, upland cress does not control cabbage white butterflies in my garden and there is no guarantee it will be any different in yours.

Fake Blue Venus Flytrap Seeds and other FAKE ebay seeds

I have written several  posts about commonly sold ebay seeds that do not exist: blue and black strawberries, blue roses, blue watermelons, and more fake ebay seeds.  Please have a look at them, they may help you stop ebay thieves selling you seeds that don't exist.

I have had a few messages about fake ebay seeds, so decided to do yet another post in the hoped that perhaps I can help people not get taken advantage of.

Below are some pictures that I have found on actual ebay listings, many of them have made a lot of money from selling fake seeds that don't exist.  Others claim to sell seeds of things that do exist (such as orchids), but they will actually send you some other seeds.  By the time you grow them out and notice something is wrong it is far too late for you to do anything about it.


Blue Venus Fly Trap Seed
Blue venus fly traps look awesome, unfortunately blue venus flytraps DO NOT exist.  Someone got pictures of green venus flytraps, digitally tinkered with the colours, and then use them to steal money from people.  I know a bit about breeding venus flytraps, and I know a little about breeding blue things, and I can say with complete confidence that blue venus flytraps not only don't exist but they will never exist.

Some people buy these fake ebay seeds in bulk and then on sell them at a profit.  This is illegal as they don't exist.  If you do this you are not only profiting from someone else's crime, you are also committing a crime.  Being ignorant doesn't mean that you are not acting illegally.  Stop doing it!

Blue Venus Flytrap do NOT exist

Blue Venus Fly Trap - beautiful and does NOT exist

Amazing colourful berries
Some of these colours exist, but many don't.  Anyone who is selling seed of things that don't exist can't be trusted.  Blue raspberries kind of exist, as do purple ones but they look nothing like these pictures.  Red raspberries and yellow raspberries do exist.  Unfortunately people sell seeds of red raspberries and claim that they are yellow, and by the time you work it out it is too late to do anything about it.

This blue and this purple and this green do not exist!

Rare Buddha fruit tree
There are several listings on ebay for seeds of rare buddha fruit tree seed and similar things.  The photos are genuine and mostly have not been tinkered with.  These fruit have been grown in plastic moulds, as the fruit grows it squishes into that shape.  Spending lots of money to buy seeds is a waste of time, you can buy moulds of heaps of shapes!

Rare Buddha fruit seeds do NOT exist

Plastic fruit moulds DO exist, feel free to buy and use them

These pumpkins were grown in moulds to make this shape

These plastic moulds CAN turn cucumbers into fun shapes!

Amazing colourful pumpkins
Ebay thieves sell pumpkin seeds and show the following picture.  The blue, green, purple and this yellow do not exist.  As the seller is selling a mix of different types and some don't exist who knows what they will actually send you.  If you want random un-named pumpkin seeds please don't fund these thieves, get a pumpkin from the supermarket and plant its seeds.

Blue pumpkins don't exist

Hybrid fruit
Hybrid fruit does exist, almost all fruit you know of is a hybrid of a hybrid, but the picture below is not of hybrid fruit.  I have seen this picture in legitmate places and I have seen someone on ebay take the picture and claim that they are selling seeds of it.  Hopefully people are smarter than to be taken in by this.  This image has been changed digitally

Hybrid fruit like this do NOT exist

'Watermelon man' seeds do NOT  exist

Rainbow eucalyptus (Eucalyptus deglupta)
Also known as the rainbow gum tree.  This tree exists and grows in tropical places, it is the only eucalypt that is native to the northern hemisphere.  As the bark peels off it leaves patches of colour.  The colous are never very brilliant outside of its natural range.  Most people who claim to sell seeds of this are selling fake seeds.  In the off chance you get actual seeds it takes many years before you see any colour at all.  Don't fund ebay thieves, don't buy seeds of these! 

Blue Bamboo
These Ebay thieves claim to be selling seed for blue bamboo. Don't the pictures look stunning?  Unfortunately blue bamboo does not exist.  Most bamboo rarely flowers and sets seed, some types only flower once every 100 years!  Who knows what seeds these ebay thieves will actually send, the only thing you can be certain of is that it will NOT be blue bamboo.

Blue bamboo does NOT exist

Blue bamboo - beautiful and digitally enhanced

Orchid seeds for sale
Wow, where do I start...the short version is NEVER buy orchid seeds from anywhere EVER.

There are some amazing orchids, and orchids can and do produce seeds, this is true so far.  Technically speaking, orchids can be grown from seed.

In reality, growing orchids from seed is incredibly difficult.  Many require aseptic tissue culture techniques, others require intricate mycorrhizal interactions to ever germinate, others need various treatments with specific acids in the right dose at the right time etc.

Some orchids look amazing, and while they grow in the wild they have never been grown by collectors or enthusiasts.  The flying duck orchid (Caleana major) is an example of this.  I have seen them in the wild, they are lovely, but have never heard of anyone being able to grow them successfully long term.  If someone does grow them successfully they will NOT sell seeds of them as germinating orchid seeds is beyond the abilities of a backyard grower.  I don't need to tell you but if you have the skills and technology required to grow orchid seeds you certainly won't be buying them from ebay.

Actual orchid seeds are tiny, very tiny, so tiny they are difficult to see.  If you ever get fooled into buying orchid seeds, and the seeds are not ridiculously tiny, then you have been sold a fake.  I found a picture comparing actual orchid seed to some ebay fake orchid seeds.

NEVER buy seed of tiny orchids

You won't grow orchids like this from seed

Fake seeds on the left, real orchid seeds on the right (look how tiny).  Look close, they are tiny specks!

Flying duck orchid (Caleana major) exists, do NOT buy seeds for them as you won't get them to germinate

Fake Berry seeds on ebay
Will the ebay thieves stop at nothing?  They claim to sell seeds from one type of berry, but show a picture of another.  They change the colours digitally.  They offer growing notes that are nonsensical garbage.

It drives me crazy as berry seed is not difficult to produce if you have a plant, and many berries are not overly difficult to grow from seed, but it is difficult to find anyone that actually sells berry seeds.  Please don't buy any berry seed from ebay!

EDIT TO ADD: I have recently found out that in some places mulberries are also occasionally called 'blackberries' and that sometimes this may cause confusion.  The pictures below were from people trying to use this confusion of common names to deliberately deceive people and steal from them.  The descriptions from the ads below were clearly referring to Rubus plants and NOT any form of trees.  These people are the worst kind of thief, they know that there is confusion and they try to cash in on it.

The ebay thieves call this "Thornless blackberry" seeds - but this picture is of mulberries!!!

Ebay thieves were selling seed of "Long blackberries" - these are also mulberries!

Another ebay thief selling "Thornless Blackberry seeds" - two are the same picture of mulberries that have had colours digitally altered, one picture is of raspberries, what seed will these ebay thieves actually send?

The thieves call this "wholesale mulberry seed" - these are not mulberries AND the colours have been altered

The list goes on and on...
This list is not by any means all of the fake seeds that are being sold on ebay.  I have made a few other posts on fake ebay seeds, they are all labelled with  "things that don't exist".  If you click on that label on the top right hand side of this page you should be directed to the other posts I have made on fake ebay seeds.

This kind of theft frustrates me.  It means that it is more difficult for me to track down rare or unusual plants.  It means that people are less likely to buy any of the unusual plants or seeds I sell.  By putting up blog posts like this my page seems to have dropped way down on google searches (probably because of all the photos of fake things that I got from actual ebay ads).  Hopefully I have helped a few people not get taken advantage of!

As always, if you are one of these ebay thieves, or someone who works for ebay, feel free to leave a comment and try to justify your deception.

Tomato - "Angora 82"

I have been looking for angora leaf tomato seeds for sale in Australia.  Some very knowledgeable people tell me there are no angora leaf tomatoes in Australia.  That seems odd to me, as there used to be at least one angora tomato in Australia many years ago.  I used to grow it. 

After talking to some tomato breeders and dedicated seed savers it appeared that sadly the angora gene had possibly been lost from Australia.

Angora 82 leaf and fruit

Angora 82

Recently I have been given some very old seeds.  Some were from my old garden and are the left over seeds that I saved (and some that I bred, others that I kept pure) when I was a child.  Others were given to me from a friend whose gardening father recently passed and contained a rather eclectic mix of seeds that he collected from all over the world and grew/preserved over the course of his life.  They are all very old seeds, some germinated, others sadly did not, some are named, others were not, some are named but I can't read the writing.  While rummaging through these seeds I happened across some tomato seeds labelled "Angora 82".

Angora 82 leaves

Excitedly I planted almost all of the seeds in the hope that this would be a tomato with the the fabled lost angora leaf gene.  If it was, I not only planned to bring this variety back, I also wanted to use it in breeding new angora leaf tomato varieties.

Angora tomato leaves are covered in hairs.  Sometimes they have more and denser hairs than normal, sometimes they have longer hairs, sometimes the individual hairs are branched.  The exact angora phenotype depends on which gene is responsible.

Angora 82, in the right light it shines

Genes responsible for Angora tomatoes
There are four different genes that could cause angora leaf in tomatoes.Two are homozygous lethal, meaning that if a seed carries two copies of the angora gene it will die.  Planting seeds of these will always result in a percentage of plants without angora leaf.  The non-angora leaf plants do not carry the angora gene.

The other two genes are both homozygous viable, meaning that if a seed carries two copies of the angora gene then it does not die.  It also means that it is difficult to know if the tomato only carries one copy of the angora gene.

Angora 82 flower truss - pretty productive

Angora 82 tomato
I have no idea which gene is responsible in this case.  I have only grown a small number of seeds, but all of them have exhibited angora foliage, so I am assuming it is one of the homozygous viable genes.  This is good and bad.  It is good because it means that if seeds are saved they will not always have a percentage of non-angora leaf.  It is bad as it means breeding this trait into a new variety is a bit slower.

I don't know why this is called 'angora 82'.  Is this the same variety as "angora super sweet" and/or "velvet red"?  My guess is probably not, but it might be.  It isn't always possible to tell that Angora 82 is angora leaf unless it is in the right light.

Given the right light the leaves shimmer and look a little silver, but most of the time they look similar to any other tomato leaf.  It would be nice if the leaf hairs were longer so it looked a but nicer.  Sometimes I wonder why they called this Angora because the leaf looks so similar to a regular tomato leaf, it certainly isn't anywhere near as fuzzy as the angora leaf tomatoes I used to grow.  When using a hand lense it is simple to see that it has far more leaf hairs than my other tomatoes.

What are the advantages of 'Angora 82' tomatoes
This plant grew rather well through the cooler part of spring while all my other tomatoes just sat there refusing to grow.  It was the first tomato to fruit in my garden, which was rather impressive.  This may be because the leaf experienced less abrupt changes in temperature or humidity due to the density of leaf hairs, or it may have nothing to do with that.

Each truss had around 20 flowers and most of them set fruit.  It was a determinate plants, which I am not overly fond of, but it produced a large yield. due to the large number of flowers per truss and the decent number of trusses per plant.

The tomatoes were small, but had a nice tomato taste, they were also pretty sweet.  Fruit on the same truss on the same plant showed a little diversity in shape, some were round, some were round with a point on the end.

Angora 82 fruit

Where to get seed for Angora 82 tomatoes
I will probably sell seed through my for sale page.  I have bagged the flowers but a small amount of crossing may be possible as we are swamped  by Rutherglen bugs each summer and they are small enough to get into the bags.  Considering how infrequently tomatoes cross this should not be a huge problem.

Hangjiao #5 space chilli Helix Nebula in Australia

There are currently ten varieties of chillies that were developed through Chinese space mutation breeding, this year I was offered seeds of several of them and grew Hangjiao #5 space chilli Helix Nebula.  The history of space vegetable breeding is relatively long, interesting and filled with propaganda and deliberate misinformation.  I certainly don’t know all the details.

There are many reports of all seeds that are sent to space returning to grow huge plants with unimaginable yields that are incredibly nutrient dense.  There are even some photo shopped images of vegetable plants that are absolutely covered in massive fruits.  Unfortunately this is largely propaganda designed to be enticing and build excitement over this field of research, but the reality of space mutation breeding is slightly different.

The reality is that the Chinese government has been doing space breeding since the late 1980’s and they love it.  In Northwest China's Gansu province, "space peppers" account for more than half of the local capsicum market.  Chinese fields are planted with 405,000 hectares of rice fields with space seeds and 8,100 hectares of space vegetables.  So the Chinese have a reasonably long history with space breeding and have dedicated a large amount of land and resources to it.  More recently America and a few other countries have started to dabble in space breeding.  They have dedicated huge amounts of money to space mutation breeding, various NASA press releases and web pages make rather impressive claims, but their results have been less than impressive to date and I am not aware of any space vegetables that anyone other than the Chinese Government have bred and released that is in any way noteworthy.

The Chinese government have been working at space breeding for so long, and they have sent hundreds of kilograms of seeds into space (consisting of many millions of individual seeds), and around 12% of seeds sent to space in satellites manifest mutations of some kind, and in China there appears to be no consumer reluctance to space vegetables, and even though China has sent seeds of more than 400 plant species (and countless varieties) to space, only around 66 varieties of space vegetables (10 of which are chilli) or space rice or space flowers have ever been stabilised and kept. 

My Hangjiao #5 Helix Nebula Space Chillies

Space Chillies

Ten varieties of space chillies exist at the moment.  All of the other countless millions of mutated plants were not desirable and the lines were grown out, assessed, and subsequently disposed of.  They were not named and sold to gardeners as space curiosities, they were disposed of because they were simply not worth keeping.

This indicates that each of the 10 varieties of space chilli are rather exceptional in some way or another.  There are reports that space breeding produces chillies that are far more nutrient dense than other varieties of chillies, unfortunately I have not been able to confirm or refute this claim as I do not have access to any reputable studies that have been conducted in this area.  The Hangjiao #5 space chillies I grew were very productive and do grow reasonably large fruit.

Hangjiao #5 - not my photo

Growing Space Chillies

I found that germinating Hangjiao #5 space chilli Helix Nebula seeds was relatively simple, the young seedlings grew easily, but the heat of summer killed them and I had to replant my seeds.  This past summer was odd and many of my vegetable plants suffered in different ways, but the space chillies needed extra help to get through the heat when they were small.  I gave them a bit of shade, and a little more water than my other chilli varieties while they were tiny, and after that they grew well and really didn’t look back.

The plants reached 1 to 2 feet tall and flowered profusely.  While many of my other varieties of chillies aborted flowers for weeks on end due to the hot weather the space chillies flowers generally all set easily.  This fruit grew far too slowly for my liking, which may have been due to the weather or the sheer amount of fruit that each plant carried.  I bagged a few flowers to isolate and produce pure seed, this bagging and exclusion of pollinators did not seem to effect fruit set.  It also means I now have a small amount of pure seed saved.

Once the space chilli plant was covered in unripe fruit it did not seem to slow down production as I would have expected, it just kept producing more.  The weather started to cool so nothing was ripening fast, I ran out of patience so I ate one of the green pods.  It was alright, not hot, it was juicy and crunchy, nothing overly spectacular, but not bad in any way.  My kids really liked it, but that may have simply because of the novelty of eating a space chilli.  I would not grow them again for the green space chillies as I didn’t find them great other than impressive yield produced on a small sized plant.

Once the space chillies started to ripen red I ate another one.  This was much nicer than the green one and after eating them ripe I plan to grow them again this year and will consider getting a few more space chilli varieties.

The ripe space chillies were sweeter and hotter than the green ones.  The pods were each roughly 20 cm long, some curly and others straight, and evenly red when ripe.  They are crunchy and juicy, they have heat but are not overly hot at all which is surprisingly nice, and they do not smell very strong or fruity.  I am bad at describing taste but have heard them described as tasting like a capsicum, or having an apple sweetness, or tasting similar to a crunchy pea pod, which all are reasonable descriptions.

I counted the number of chillies that grew on one plant.  Over the season 53 large red chillies ripened and a lot of other unripe green ones were on the plant but the frost hit them.  Had I started the seeds earlier, or had I over wintered plants, I would have gotten a whole lot more chillies.  Even so, 53 large chillies from one plant is certainly not bad.

I have also been told that they are mostly grown for use in stir fry.  Given their high productivity, sweetness, relatively large size, crunchiness, and reasonably low heat I think they would go well in a stir fry.

My kids also tried some ripe red space chilli and much preferred them to the unripe green ones.  Being low in heat means the kids had no trouble eating them, and as these chillies ‘came from space’ the kids are very eager to eat them and happily eat as many as I let them eat. 

Hangjiao #5 Space Chillies starting to ripen

Space Chillies are great for kids

I think space chillies are a great vegetable for kids to grow, they are low maintenance, high yielding, tastes good, very healthy (high in Vitamin C etc) and, being ‘from space’ means they are fun and likely to be eaten by children.

Space chillies can also be used as a starting point for discussions over genetics, mutations, plant breeding, space and so forth so can be used as a sneaky educational tool.

Where to get space chilli seeds in Australia
There are a few places that sell space chilli seeds in Australia.  I have considered tracking down all ten varieties of space chilli and growing them, but I probably won't because I just don't know what I would do with the bags and bags of chillies that they would produce.

Chillies cross pollinate readily with other varieties of chilli and capsicum so only buy seeds from people who isolate flowers to save pure seed.

I bagged some flowers and saved pure seeds from them this year.  If I have any extra seeds they will be listed on my for sale page with all of the organically grown perennial vegetables and vegetable seeds that I have for sale.

Days to maturity Tomatoes 2016 - 2017

I wrote this post a while ago and wanted to wait until after I got pictures off the camera onto the computer before publishing it.  It is getting late and I am about to plant seeds for next summer, so I am going to add pictures later. For a list of vegetable days to maturity please click here.

In 2016 I planted most tomato seeds on a heat mat, I have written the planting date for all of the varieties as well as the date they flowered and when the fruit first ripened.  They all germinated well, but they did not grow past cotyledon stage for an exceptionally long time.

My garden was over run with Rutherglen bugs for quite a lot of spring, they swarmed over the growing tips of all my plants causing a lot of bud drop and other issues.  Once the Rutherglen bugs started to disappear the green vegetable bugs picked up in number.

All of this means that my tomato season is very late this year.  I planted out tiny seedlings at their second leaf stage at 05/11/2016.

Angora 82, variation in fruit shape on the same plant

Angora 82 seeds planted 20/08/2016, germinated 30/08/2016, flowered 15/12/2016, first fruit ripe 25/12/2016  Reasonably small plant which may or may not be dwarf, very productive with about 20 flowers per truss.  Small, red, round tomatoes which taste really nice.  This plant gave a large yield very early, has regular leaf and appeared to be determinate but kept putting out occasional new branches with flowers until the frosts.

Micro Tom

Micro Tom

Micro Tom seeds planted 02/10/2016, germinated 11/10/2016, flowered 22/11/2016, first fruit ripe 07/01/2017.  Micro Tom is the smallest variety of tomato ever bred and I have never had one over 10cm tall.  This plant yields about 10 tomatoes per plant.  The taste is far from amazing, but I have eaten many varieties that were worse.  Micro Tom has regular leaf, is a micro dwarf, and is determinate.

St Pierre was given to me by my neighbour and was already flowering.  It was transplanted into the vegetable garden as a large flowering plant 29/10/2016 and the first fruit was ripe 08/01/2016.  It grew reasonable sized, red round tomatoes that had a great tomato taste.  The fruit takes a long time to ripen which I am not overly happy with, but the rich tomato taste and high yield makes up for this.  It had a lot of blossom end rot this year and the leaves drooped on hot days.  St Pierre tomato gave a very large yield over a long season, it is regular leaf and indeterminate.

Little Oak Like seeds planted 20/08/2016, germinated 31/08/2016, flowered 20/12/2016, first ripe fruit 17/01/2017.  I have no idea why this is called 'Little Oak Like'.  Sturdy little plants that grow about 1 foot tall.  Being an old Russian heirloom it is hardy and absolutely delicious.  This has a deep rich, old fashioned tomato taste, one of my favourite tasting red tomatoes.  This plant has a very large yield over a reasonably long season for a determinate tomato.  It had a lot of blossom end rot early this year.  Little oak like tomato has regular leaf and is semi-determinate or determinate.

Igloo seeds planted 20/08/2016, germinated 27/08/2016, flowered 09/12/2016, first ripe fruit 18/01/2017.  These are sturdy stocky short plants that are the most productive determinate tomato I have ever grown!  This was the first tomato that I ever bred and I am rather fond of it and glad to have it back again.  This looks a lot like 'Little Oak Like' but if far far more productive and not quite as tasty.  Extremely large yields of round red tomatoes over a surprisingly long season for a determinate plant.  It had a lot of blossom end rot early this year which disappeared later in the season.  Update - if the fruit is left to almost over ripen it tastes just as good as Little Oak Like.  Igloo tomato has regular leaf and is semi-determinate or determinate.

Tommy Toe seeds planted 24/09/2016, germinated 09/10/2016, first ripe fruit 20/01/2017.  These are tall plants with many flowers and small red round fruit.  These taste pretty good, not anywhere near as good as Little Oak Like, but still very nice.  They produce rather tall and rampant plants which produced very large yields over a long season.  Tommy Toe tomato has regular leaf and is indeterminate.

Nanuq seeds planted 20/08/2016, germinated 26/08/2016, flowered 06/12/2016, first ripe fruit 21/02/2017. This was another very short plant.  I bred this variety when I was at high school and it is actually pretty good.  Very tasty and sweet tomatoes, perhaps not the most productive but not too bad for a plant of this size.  Whispy foliage, rather weak looking plants provided a small to medium yield over an extremely short season which is common for determinate plants.  Nanuq tomato has regular leaf and is very determinate.

Yellow Pear

Yellow Pear seeds planted 20/08/2016, germinated 03/09/2016, flowered 10/01/20, first ripe fruit 23/01/2017.  I have saved seeds from this one since my first son was born.  It is a large rampant plant that after years of deliberate selection now holds up to extreme conditions and always returns a massive yield over a long season.  It takes several heavy frosts to kill this one.  It grows pretty, pear shaped, yellow cherry tomatoes that kids simply adore.  Yellow Pear tomato has regular leaf and is indeterminate.

Paprika Shaped tomato

Paprika Shaped seeds planted 20/08/2016, germinated 28/08/2016, flowered 20/12/2016, first ripe fruit 26/01/2017.   This is a small, dwarf, yet highly productive tomato plant.  The tomatoes look like little red capsicums and are hollow.  Some fruit grew no seeds at all.  The plants were pretty productive over a relatively short time.  The taste was not amazing raw, but they are intended to hollow out and cook.  Paprika Shaped tomato has regular leaf and is semi determinate.

Verde Claro

Verde Claro

Verde Claro seeds planted 20/08/2016, germinated 26/08/2016, flowered 11/12/2016, first ripe fruit 27/01/2017.  This is a nice looking, clear epidermis, green when ripe cherry tomato.  It grows into a reasonable sized plant that has large yields over a long season.  This is one of the best tasting tomato varieties I have ever eaten.  Green when ripe tomatoes generally taste pretty great, but this is far superior to anything I have eaten before.  They are amazing, utterly amazing.  Like no other tomato I have ever tasted.  Verde Claro tomato has regular leaf and is indeterminate.

Unripe - Helsing Junction Blues

Helsing Junction Blue

Helsing Junction Blue

Helsing Junction Blues seeds planted 20/08/2016, germinated 28/08/2016, flowered 20/12/2016, first fruit ripe 03/02/2017.  These taste ok, the unripe fruit looks amazing with its high anthocyanin purple. As the fruit ripens it is not as dark as 'OSU Blue' which was one of the varieties used to create it.  It tastes ok when it is not quite ripe and far better when it is perfectly ripe.  It had a medium yield over a long season.  Helsing Junction Blue tomato has regular leaf and is indeterminate.

Dwarf Multiflora

Unnamed Dwarf Multiflora seeds planted 20/08/2016, planted 01/10/2016, germinated 08/10/2016, flowered 11/12/2016, first fruit ripe 03/02/2017.  I wasn't going to grow these this year, but made space so included them in my growing list.  I counted 124 flowers on one single truss and 148 flowers on another truss, some trusses appeared to have even more flowers.  Not all of the flowers set, I am trying to work out how to increase the number of fruit set as far too many drop for my liking.  It had a medium to large yield over the season.  Dwarf Multiflora tomato has regular leaf, carries the multiflora gene, is dwarf, and is indeterminate.

Julia Child

Julia Child seeds planted 20/08/2016, germinated 30/08/2016, flowered 20/12/2016, first fruit ripe 03/02/2017.  These are lovely tasting, large pink tomatoes which are very soft.  This is a great tasting tomato.  This year they had a lot of blossom end rot, I have never seen that in this variety before.  They are pink/red and are generally pretty large fruit.  Julia Child tomato has potato leaf and is indeterminate.

Summertime Gold seeds planted 11/09/2016, germinated 25/09/2016, flowered 16/12/2016, first ripe fruit 10/02/2017.  This one was bred by the Dwarf Tomato Breeding Project but was strangely tall for a dwarf.  It has some of the largest potato leaves that I have seen and is a stunningly ornamental plant.  A lot of flowers aborted for some reason which is why the time from flowering to ripe fruit is so long.  The yellow tomatoes taste pretty good, much nicer than I was expecting.  Unfortunately it was dreadfully unproductive and besotted with every pest in the area, I may grow it next year to see if it was just a bad year.  Summertime Gold tomato has potato leaf, is dwarf and is indeterminate.

Dwarf Jade Beauty

Dwarf Jade Beauty seeds planted 11/09/2016, germinated 25/09/2016, flowered 16/12/2016, first ripe fruit 12/02/2017.  This is another one from the Dwarf Tomato Breeding Project.  This dropped fewer flowers than Summertime Gold so was far more productive for me this year.  It was also a lot shorter plant than Summertime Gold but did eventually get reasonably tall for a dwarf.  Green when ripe tomatoes are generally pretty tasty and this is no exception.  It produced very sweet green when ripe fruits.  Dwarf Jade Beauty tomato has large potato leaf, is dwarf and is indeterminate.

Sarah's Galapagos seeds planted 20/08/2016, germinated 29/08/2016, flowered 07/01/2017, first ripe fruit 14/02/2017.  Originally found growing wild on one of the the Galapagos Islands and the fruit is eaten by the tortoises there.  This is likely a stable natural hybrid of several wild tomato species.  This grew delicious and tiny cherry tomatoes.  The yield was late but once it started it produced masses of tiny fruits.  Sarah's Galapagos tomato has regular leaf and is indeterminate.

Malakhitovaya Shkaltulka

Malakhitovaya Shkatulka seeds planted 20/08/2016, germinated 31/08/2016, flowered 20/12/2016, first ripe fruit 15/02/2017.  This is an amazing tasting green when ripe tomato.  This is a great tomato, nice size, amazing taste, I just wish it was more productive.  Malakhitovaya Shkatulka tomato has regular leaf and is indeterminate.

Japanese Black Trifele

Japanese Black Trifele (spelled various ways), originally called "Yaponskiy Trufel Chernyi" or in Russian "Японский трюфель черный" seeds planted 20/08/2016, germinated 29/08/2016, flowered 11/12/2016, first ripe fruit 21/02/2017.  This old heirloom Russian tomato is meant to be one of the best tasting tomato varieties.  It is not even close to the horribly bland things you can buy from the markets.  Deep, rich, sweet, tomato taste that is difficult to describe but easy to remember.  It produced late this year but was absolutely covered in dark ripening  pear shaped fruits that continued until frosts.  Japanese Black Trifele tomato has potato leaf and is indeterminate.

Snow White seeds planted 20/08/2016, germinated 01/09/2016, flowered 10/01/2017, first ripe fruit 21/02/2017.  Normally this is my first tomato to ripen, something is amiss this year!  These are delicious and fruity tasting cherry tomatoes that my children adore.  Usually it is incredibly productive, this year not so much as it didn't have long before the frosts came.  Snow White tomato has regular leaf and is indeterminate.

Totem seeds planted 10/09/2016, germinated 25/09/2016, flowered 11/12/2016, first ripe fruit 22/02/2017.  Why did I even grow this, Yuck, what a dreadful tomato.  It took a long time to ripen, it had a very low yield, and it tasted dreadful.  The only nice feature is that the plants only got to about 1 foot tall, but so did several others that tasted far better and gave much larger crops.  I haven't saved seeds as I do not intend to ever grow it again.  It possibly even tastes worse and has a lower yield than Black Russian, and that tomato is horrible.  Totem tomato has regular leaf and is determinate.

Unnamed Yellow seeds planted 20/08/2016, germinated 28/08/2016, first ripe fruit 04/03/2017.  This is a great tomato, very pretty, nice size, great taste.  Normally they are a lot faster to ripen, this plant was absolutely covered in ripening fruit when the frosts came.  Unnamed yellow has regular leaf and is indeterminate.

I grew a few other tomatoes this year too, but have decided not to include them in the list as many are not overly stable varieties yet.


Heirloom tomato seed for sale
I sell seed of some of these varieties of tomatoes, along with other rare organic heirloom vegetable seeds, gourmet herbs and perennial vegetables on my for sale page.