Living-Mudflower Original Vegetables - vegetable breeding

I used to look at online plant shops at all the plants they had that were claimed to be 'exclusives'.  That used to impress me.  Then one of these places bought plants from me and started selling them as exclusives.  One of these places talks about saving heirloom vegetables, yet often renames things and then claims that they are exclusive to them.  I am no longer impressed in the slightest when I see claims of plants or seeds as being exclusive. 

Very few online plant shops carry things that they have developed themselves.  I am far more impressed by this as breeding a new variety takes years of dedication. 

I breed new vegetable varieties, and improved herb varieties, and berry varieties, and fruit varieties etc myself.  Some are listed below while others are not yet stable enough to list here.  Some are named, while others still need to be named.  Maybe I should have a competition of some sort one day to name some of my new things.

Some of them are for sale through my for sale page, while others are not for sale yet.  Everything I grow is organic, I don't even use the poisons that are certified to be used in organic farms.

Original Vegetables developed by Living-Mudflower

Igloo tomato

'Igloo' tomatoes were the first tomatoes I ever bred.  I had limited access to germplasm, at the time I was young with only a rudimentary understanding of genetics and no one to guide me, yet I was still able to get a great end result.  

Igloo tomatoes are short stout little plants somewhere between one and two feet tall, small red round tomatoes that are very uniform in size and colour.  They normally taste ok but it tastes far superior if left to fully ripen.  Large seeds make seed saving simple.  Great for small spaces or short seasons as it is one of the first to ripen and produces over a long period, and they are incredibly high yielding usually producing 10kg to 12kg of tomatoes per plant in my garden. That is a tremendous amount of tomatoes for such a small plant.

Igloo tomato

 

Nanuq tomato

'Nanuq' was another of the first tomatoes I bred back when I was very young.  Small wimpy looking but surprisingly strong plants, small red round tomatoes produced on plants that are about a foot tall.  These have wispy carrot like foliage that were bred for taste and early ripening.  Nanuq tomatoes are one of the first tomatoes to ripen and only takes up a little space.  I’m not blown away by the size of the crop but it makes up for that with the taste. 

Nanuq tomato

 

Immali corn

'Immali' corn is a pink/purple and white sweet corn.  I believe this is the first purple sweet corn to have been developed in Australia.  This purple sweet corn is healthier than yellow corn as it is high in antioxidants, and better tasting than any store bought corn.  Reasonably short plants around 5 feet tall, most tiller to some extent, they produces numerous cobs per plant but is highly dependent on spacing and soil fertility.  Sweet corn with su se+ genes means it is best suited for backyards rather than market gardens as cobs don’t store anywhere near as long as the Sh2 varieties, but they have a superior taste.

Immali corn - purple sweet corn

Immali corn - dry seeds for saving

Amiah potato (pronounced 'uh-my-uh')

In my opinion 'Amiah' potatoes are the best of the best of diploid potatoes.  They have the great taste of a diploid potato without having the low yields that are common among diploids.  The size of potatoes is small but reasonable, they don’t need peeling, and each plant produces crops that are good but not as large as many tetraploid varieties.  Amiah potatoes are healthier to eat and better looking than white potatoes due to its rich yellow flesh and interesting skin colour.  

Amiah potatoes have a great taste, easily produce two crops per year here, are quite stubborn/aggressive in its spreading, and always survives over winter in the soil with no care from me.  As well as all this they produce huge numbers of beautiful purple flowers on long stalks held high above the foliage.

Amiah potato and white tetraploid potato for comparison

Amiah potato and white tetraploid

 

Oaken (dwarf multiflora) tomatoes 

These produce dwarf plants with regular leaf.  Flowers are produced in clusters of about 150, but not all of the fruit sets in my garden and many of the flowers fall off.  The fruit is small, mostly round, and light orange often with some green stripes.  It has a sweet taste and is surprisingly late to ripen for such a small fruited tomato, but once it does ripen it crops until killed by the frosts as it is an indeterminate dwarf tomato.

The colour is off in this photo, they are darker orange than this

One truss of dwarf multiflora tomato flowers - good luck trying to count them all

Tracey tomato (black yellow/green)

Tracey tomatoes are the result of a more recent breeding effort, where I had greater understanding of genetics, more access to germplasm, but far less time to put into the endeavor than many of my earlier breeding attempts.  The plants produce tasty little tomatoes that are intensely black where sun hits the fruit, yellow/green under the black.  Tracey tomato produces the darkest true black tomatoes that I have ever seen.  The black is from the high levels of antioxidants, which make this a very healthy tomato to eat.  They have green flesh when ripe, and taste incredible.  Unripe tomatoes are beautifully purple, similar to an eggplant.  

Tracey tomatoes are very productive, producing mostly round ping pong sized fruit, but are not completely uniform and never will be.  This variety has produced well for me in hot dry summers, in mild wet summers, in dust storms, through drought, as well as during lovely mild years.  Ornamental, highly productive, with great taste makes these a great variety to grow.

Ripe Black Yellow/Green tomatoes

Unripe Tracey tomato

Unnamed things

Thornless Primocane Raspberry 

This is a dual cropping, thornless, red raspberry.  This variety is sweeter than many red raspberries and is always completely thornless.  The berries don't crumble, and ripe berries are easily and cleanly removed from the plant.  Each plant is very productive, they can produce several dozen flowers per cluster.  Not all berries ripen at once, some berries are ready while some flowers in the same cluster are yet to open, meaning that harvest is over an extended period.  It produces two or more crops per year and being a thornless primocane variety means pruning is simple.  All of these traits make it an excellent variety to grow in back yards.

Thornless primocane raspberry - highly productive

 

Giant edible dandelion

I can’t remember why I started to breed dandelions, it was a lot more work than it ought to be, and the end result is rather impressive.  They are much like normal dandelions you find in your lawn, but bigger in every way.  Every part is edible and useful, only bigger and better.  

Giant edible dandelions produce longer and wider leaves, larger yellow flowers on longer fatter stalks, it also has deeper fatter roots.  These won't escape into your lawn as they are so large that they need extra water, they are also strangely susceptible to disease and pests.

Giant dandelion - 30cm ruler and leaves of regular plant for scale

Massive parsley

The leaves are absolutely massive and have the strong taste that is common among flat leaf parsleys.  The leaf stalks (petioles) are so huge that they can be used in the place of celery.  The roots do fork a bit, and sometimes have a woody core, but are large and taste incredible roasted (as most parsley roots do).  

This is not yet a stable variety as it still produces a range of plants from large to massive.  Some plants produce large round leaves, but this trait is uncommon (even when self-pollinated) and may disappear from this variety.  I have mostly stopped growing this because it got too large.  It is too bad, I really enjoyed the look of absurdly large parsley plants.

Massive parsley leaf - 30cm ruler and leaf of regular plant

Improved coriander

I love coriander.  Far too often coriander is bred only using selection, and very rarely through crossing different varieties.  This is not a stable variety, and I am doing my best to ensure that it never will be.  I deliberately mass crossed a dozen or so varieties of coriander, some that were bred for leaf production, others for seed production, others were said to be slow bolting.  I keep introducing parent varieties, earlier generations, and other improved varieties.  The result is a highly genetically diverse population of mostly large leaf, large seed, and slow bolting coriander.  Most have the usual white coriander flowers, but some have pink/red stems and flowers.  When you grow this you cull anything that flowers early and you quickly establish a variety that is slow bolting in your garden. 

Coriander leaf

I can't get enough coriander

I really should add to this list in the future.  I have a lot of breeding lines, some are almost stable while others are still segregating.  

I also have a few lines of spring bulbs and other ornamental plants that I have bred, perhaps I should add them in here too.  Or maybe they deserve their own blog post? 

Rejuvenating an old bird nest fern

Back in the year 2001 I went rock climbing with a friend.  Up high on the cliff was a tiny bird nest fern that was about an inch tall.  

I scraped that little fern off the rock face, I shouldn't have, but I did.  

I have had this fern for over twenty years now.

My 20 year old bird nest fern looking tired

I put the tiny fern in my pocket and finished the day of rock climbing nonsense.  When I got home the fern was bruised and crushed, but still alive so I filled a small pot with soil and planted it.

I was always told that old tea leaves are good for ferns.  So I used to rip open used tea bags (and sometimes also new tea bags) and sprinkled the tea leaves around the pot.

The little fern grew very fast.  To this day I have no idea if the tea leaves helped or not, all I know is that thing got big quick.

As the fern was growing against a rock face it only had fronds on one side.  It took some time and lots of rotating the pot each week before it filled out on all sides, but we got there.

The fern grew large, and sometimes produces spores on the back of some fronds.  I figured this was a sign that I was looking after it well.

Bird nest fern spores

I repotted it a few times as it grew, and moved house with it many times.  I can't give this fern a larger pot as I really struggle to lift the one it is in now.

At my last house the fronds reached about six feet in length.  It was really impressive.

Since then this bird nest fern has declined. The largest fronds are now only around a metre long, and it looks generally pretty shabby as you can see from the photos above.

The other week we had a lot of rain, so I moved my fern out to get some rain.  Rain is good because it washes dust off the fronds and flushes away salt build up in the soil.  Normally I struggle to life the pot, but this time it weighed next to nothing.  It's been in that pot for around a decade, I haven't really been caring for it very well, and there was very little soil left.  Perhaps that's why it looks so tired!

I have since got some soil and leaf litter and filled up the empty space in the pot as best I can.  I also sprinkled some used tea leaves over the new soil.  Hopefully I didn't let this go on for too long and new soil this fixes everything.

Bird nest fern, new fronds

With the combination of warmer weather of spring, new soil/leaf litter, and having the rain flush out any built up salts, this fern should be ready to do some growing again. 

It already has some fronds starting to develop.  I wonder if the new fronds will be larger, or if it will take some time for it to produce long fronds again.

Hopefully it doesn't take too long for the bird nest fern to regain its former glory and look healthy and lush again.

Goldfish eggs

In March 2021 I bought ten small shubunkin goldfish.  

The fish arrived in the post, and were lovely small colourful fish.  I put them in a barrel that I had filled with rain water, added a floating pot of herbs, some duckweed and azolla, and put in a small submersible solar pond pump that pumps the water through a milk bottle filled with gravel that acts as a filter.

Floating pot of herbs in goldfish barrelponics

The fish ate all the duckweed pretty fast, and mostly leave the azolla alone.  I assume this is because the duckweed is small enough to fit in their mouths and the azolla is a bit larger.  

I try to add more duckweed every few days so they always have some food available and don't have to wait hungrily until I feed them.  Having a little azolla floating around isn't a bad thing so I sometimes scoop a little azolla out but always ensure that I leave some behind.

Water is pumped through here as a biological filter

My plants grew incredibly well over winter, but as the weather warmed they ran into some issues.  One of the issues is that the milk bottle full of gravel was knocked off and all the plants were destroyed by a possum or something.  As you can see above, I have started seeds again.

The water has started to turn very green.  I have planted more plants/seeds, but it will take time before they are large enough to clear the water again.  I do some partial water changes, but there are ten fish in the barrel so the water is always reasonably green.

Presumably this is not too big an issue and my fish are healthy as they are spawning!

Look very close and you may see a goldfish egg

The goldfish appeared a bit randy as the spring weather warmed.  Goldfish are known for eating all of their eggs, so I added a spawning mop to the barrel.  The fish have laid some eggs on the spawning mop.

I was busy that day, and in the afternoon there appeared only to be a small number of eggs left.  Presumably the other eggs were all eaten.  I moved this spawning mop with the few remaining eggs into a flexi-tub of water that is in my greenhouse.  The picture above is two days after the spawning mop was moved, the remaining eggs all appeared clear, which is a great sign that they are fertile and developing.

I also made another spawning mop with far more strands and added that to the barrel.  Perhaps the larger number of strands will protect more eggs, and provide a greater chance of some hatching and surviving.  I have checked it once and it has a small number of eggs, I plan to leave it a few more days and hopefully it will collect far more eggs.

Flexitub of water and spawning mop of eggs

The flexitub had been sitting in the greenhouse for many weeks filled with water as I was hoping to get a water lily but haven't yet found one for sale anywhere.  This tub now has some algae and tiny critters living in the water.  I figured this was a good place to move the fish eggs.

I also have a container of water which has a few small pots of sphagnum moss, this water is teeming with tiny life.  I also tipped that water into the flexitub to increase the amount of tiny things swimming around in there.  

If any of my fish hatch they should have plenty of tiny swimming things that are hopefully the correct size for them to eat.

I will add the second spawning mop to the flexi-tub at some stage, than I have to wait to see if any baby fish survive.  They will be tiny and relatively inactive after they hatch, so it will take a few weeks of growth before I will be able to see any baby fish that are in there.  Fingers crossed I get a decent number of baby fish from this hatch.

Hacor Coriander, Hot & Spicy Coriander

I love coriander (Coriandrum sativum), it is a great edible herb.

People either love coriander or they hate coriander, there does not appear to be much middle ground.  Some people have a broken gene which makes this smell and taste dreadful to them, but for the rest of us coriander leaf is excellent.

I have been growing coriander and deliberately crossing as many varieties as I can for a while.  The resultant seeds are genetically very diverse, and allow to quickly select for plants that perform well in different climates. 

Last year I got some seeds of 'Hacor coriander'.  Hacor coriander is also called 'slow bolting' and 'hot and spicy Coriander'.  Hacor coriander is said to have a stronger taste than regular coriander.  Like all coriander, this plant is grown for its edible leaves (which confusingly Americans call 'cilantro') and seeds/fruits (which Americans call 'coriander').

I liked the sound of hot and spicy coriander, so I grew some of this Hacor coriander to test it out.  I grew it partly to see what it was like, and partly to include in my mass crossed superior coriander.  I grew some that I bagged the flowers and saved seeds to keep them pure.

Coriander leaves

I thought hacor coriander was good, but nothing terribly special.  I didn't find it to have a stronger taste than my superior coriander, and I would not have thought to call i hot and spicy coriander. 

I might grow hacor coriander again, but I probably won't.  It was good, and productive, but nothing special.  I have crossed it with my superior coriander to keep the genetics diverse, so will likely grow that instead of hacor.

I sell seeds of Hacor coriander from bagged plants, as well as mixed seeds from my superior coriander through my for sale page.

Potato seedlings from true potato seed Australia

I was transplanting my seed grown potatoes the other day.  I have a few different breeding lines, some diploid, some tetraploid, some wild ancestors of modern potatoes, all grown from true potato seed.  

Growing from true botanical potato seed yields interesting results, and allows me to breed and create new varieties.  As the parent stock is usually quite heterozygous, each seedling is genetically unique.

Most of my potato seedlings looked much the same, some had a few stolons, others did not.  At this tiny size neither is unexpected.  One of my seedlings is producing tiny little tubers.

I can hardly wait to see what these turn into.

Potato seedling with tiny tubers

I didn't break this off, there is soil covering the stolon

This little seedling really wants to live!  It had 3 tiny little tubers (not all of them are in my photos) and a few other stolons.  It has since been planted in its own pot so I can evaluate it at the end of the season.

I mostly try to grow diploid potatoes as I find they taste better.  Unfortunately they tend to yield lower than tetraploids.  

These seedlings are from tetraploid potatoes, their parentage is far superior to anything you can get from the shops so I decided to try a few seedlings and see what I could produce.  It is far too early to tell, but hopefully something great comes out of this line.

I sell a small number of seed potatoes each year through my for sale page.  These are from lines that I have developed myself and grown from true potato seeds.  I can only do this in their correct season, some lines harvest several times per year, other lines only harvest once per year.  If you are interested keep an eye on my for sale page.

Pink dandelion - Taraxacum pseudoroseum

There are a few different species of dandelion, the one that is common in lawns is Taraxacum officionale.  It grows pretty yellow flowers, and is edible and useful in many ways.  For some reason people often dislike this lovely and useful plant.

One of the other species of dandelion is the pink dandelion, Taraxacum pseudoroseum, it is still edible and useful, but it grows delightful pink flowers instead of the usual bright yellow ones.  

A pink dandelion, how incredible! 

Pink dandelion in bloom

Pink dandelion flower

Pink dandelion

Strangely enough, there are very few web pages that talk about pink dandelions.  Most of those are copied from one another, so there is little information on how to grow them or what to expect from pink dandelion plants.  I am growing pink dandelions, so I figured I would write a little about them.

Pink dandelion flowering 

Pink dandelions, just like regular dandelions, are perennial vegetables.  Dandelions have a great many uses in a permaculture garden, basically every animal eats them and they are far more nutritious than most vegetables.  The leaves of pink dandelion taste much like regular dandelions, and while I am yet to taste the roots I am told they taste pretty similar to regular yellow dandelions too.

Pink dandelion flowers start out yellow and the outside goes white then turns pink over a few days.  They are very rarely entirely pink, most of the time the center remains yellow.  The outside gets rather dark pink on its last day, which looks great with the yellow center.

Pink dandelion seeds ready for planting

The plant itself looks much like a regular dandelion, to be honest I am not sure that I could tell them apart when not in bloom.  Much like regular dandelions they do prefer a lot of water and do not cope if it is too dry.  Full sun to part shade seems to do these plants well.  It takes very little effort to grow pink dandelion plants.

I am happy to say that frosts do not bother pink dandelions.  Mine were also hit with hail more times than I care to mention.  Not surprisingly, none of this was a big deal for these plants because they are very hardy.

Sadly pink dandelions are not as hardy or as vigorous as regular dandelions, so the chances of this finding its way into your lawn are pretty low.

The leaves look and taste similar to a regular dandelion

Pink dandelions are yellow when they first open

The center stays yellow

The white part will turn pink

One thing I have noticed is that pink dandelion flowers open in the mornings and close in the afternoons.  It means that they are not the greatest of cut flowers as they tend to close up each night.  They do reopen each day, so it isn't a great loss.

Pink dandelion starting to close for the day

I think dandelions are great in general, and I think that pink dandelions are just delightful.  As soon as I am able I plan to try and save seed from these and grow some more of these plants.  

My plants are still relatively young, and have only had half a dozen or so blooms.  More flowers are on their way, and seeds are ripening.  

Once the seeds are ready, if they don't float away on the breeze, I will try to plant them and grow more of these pink dandelions.

Pink dandelion seeds

If I ever have extra pink dandelion plants, or pink dandelion seeds, I will list them on my for sale page so others can also enjoy growing these lovely plants.

Growing white asparagus at home

You have probably seen, or at least heard of, white asparagus.  There are no varieties of white asparagus, but the good news is that you can make any variety of asparagus grow some white spears at home easily. 

Normally to make asparagus white the grower will blanch the asparagus by putting a bucket or something over the emerging spear.  As it grows it has no sunlight, meaning it stays white.  This is simple to do at home if you are growing asparagus.  The end result is a much sweeter asparagus spear.

Often people use any of the green varieties to make white asparagus.  This works well.

Purple varieties of asparagus are much sweeter than green to begin with.  Which means white asparagus made from a purple variety is very sweet, it's quite remarkable.

Making white asparagus at home

This year I decided to make white asparagus using a purple variety.  The end result is asparagus that is incredibly sweet and very tender.

One of the spears grew a little large and started to lift the bucket.  This bent the largest spear and let in a little light, resulting in white asparagus with a tinge of colour.  

Not to worry, this was still very sweet and unlike anything you can buy from the shops.

If you grow asparagus give making some white asparagus a try.   Just put a bucket over the soil where the spears will emerge, and remember to check it every few days.

I only do a few spears per plant so as not to weaken the plants too much, but I am probably being overly cautious.  I am sure commercial farms make a lot more white asparagus per plant and have no problems.

Lawn daisy (Bellis perennis)

Lawn daisies (Bellis perennis)  are a small edible perennial plant.  I am told that they grow as a weed in the lawn, I wish they grew as a weed in my lawn!

The leaves can be eaten as a vegetable either cooked or raw, the flowers and flower buds can be eaten, apparently a tea can be made from the flowers too.  I am told that the leaves are rather nutritious, but being so small they don't produce a huge amount of them so you would need a lot to be able to make a meal.

Unfortunately I don't find them to taste overly nice, but they sure look pretty.

My daughter's lawn daisies in a vase

When TV or books speak of children  making 'daisy chains' apparently this is the plant they are talking about.  I have only seen them growing in lawns in Tasmania, other than that I have never seen them growing by themselves anywhere. 

I took my daughter for a walk to get her out of the house one day before her birthday so the other kids could make presents and things.  We ended up a shop that had seedlings for sale.  I bought her a small punnet of them, and she planted them in her garden after we got home.  They sat through winter frosts, slowing growing larger.

Once the weather warmed they started to bloom.  Below are some of the flowers from my daughter's little plants.  

Someone has put a lot of time and effort into breeding these improved plants, they have much more showy flowers than the lawn ones.  I think my daughter is doing a great job in growing these fluffy little flowers and I am proud of her.

Bellis perennis - lawn daisy flowers

I also bought some seeds of lawn daisies that I planted recently.  I imagine that the seedlings won't be anywhere near as impressive as my daughter's flowers.  I think they will be smaller plants and have simpler flowers.  

I plan to grow some in pots of soil and some in the veggie garden.  Being simpler more wild like plants they should be more hardy, hopefully they drop seed and somehow find a niche in my garden where they can grow wild.  I would love lawn daisies in my lawn.

I also plan to try and collect seed from my daughter's plants.  I dare say these will never grow in the lawn, and will always need to be cared for and pampered.  I am happy to do that as they are worth it.

Mixed lawn daisies and other flowers in a vase

Lawn daisy flowers only come in white, pink, and red.  I am not sure which I like the most and think a mix is lovely. 

Some are really fluffy, they look almost like something you would find in a Dr Seuss book.  Some much are fluffier than others, and with a little work I think it would be simple to make a strain that is super fluffy.

We have eaten a few of the leaves, and while they don't taste bad they also aren't that inspiring.  I think there real use is in their flowers.  They look nice in the garden where they attract bees and other pollinators, and they are good as cut flowers.

Lavender mint plants

Lavender mint (Mentha sp) is a vigorous growing, edible variety of mint.  I really wanted to try 'lavender mint' ever since I heard about it.

This variety of mint, like all mints, is perennial and likes water.  It is not too bothered by frosts which is always a bonus in my climate.

Growing mint is simple, they need water and are not too picky other than that.  

Growing lavender is meant to be easy, they prefer drier soil.  For some inexplicable reason I never have a great deal of success growing lavender. 

This variety is one of the most vigorous varieties of mint that I have seen.  For that reason I would never plant it in the garden, I would only ever grow it in a pot.  Even when grown in a pot it will try to escape through the drainage holes, so care must be taken to prevent it from taking over your entire garden, and your yard, and the neighbour's yard.  It really is a strong growing herb.

I had heard so much about this lavender mint variety, but nowhere sells them, then I obtained one through a plant swap.  I had low hopes, many mints do not really live up to their names, but I was intrigued.  I am happy to say that this variety of mint does smell a lot like lavender, and not very much at all like mint. 

Lavender mint

Lavender mint plants have a lovely strong floral scent of lavender.  I can't rally smell mint, which is good. Often the smell of mint overpowers everything.

I am sure you could use lavender mint in all kind of baking and with many sweet dishes.  It probably does ok with the right kind of savory meals as well.  I haven't tried it in any of those ways.  So far I have only made herbal tea from my lavender mint.

The first time I was not sure what to expect.  In hind sight, I really should have known, it is like drinking a warm floral cup of lavender.  I really like it.  

Making herbal tea was easy.  Hot water, a spoon full of honey mixed through, add a sprig of lavender mint.  When the tea was cool enough to drink remove the mint and drink the liquid.  Doesn't get much simpler than that.

Hot Water + Mint + Honey = delicious herbal tea

So far my favourite of all the edible mints is "banana mint", that one is slow growing but smells incredible.  It also makes an intriguing banana flavoured herbal tea that I really like.  I find propagating banana mint to be slow, I am tempted to plant this in my garden and just let it run so I can have more plants.

My second favourite mint is either this lavendar mint or native peppermint, I am not sure which I prefer, they are both great in different ways.  They are both much more vigorous in their growth and faster to propagate than banana mint.  Native peppermint is not invasive, lavender mint on the other hand is so vigorous that it would be very invasive if not contained.

Lavender mint plant

I don't have a great deal to say about this plant.  It smells great, it grows strong, it is highly productive, and I really like it.  

One day I will likely have extra plants and can offer them on my for sale page. along with the other edible herbs and perennial vegetables that I have for sale.